КОНКУРЕНТНОСТ И НЕЈЕДНАКОСТ У РАСПОДЕЛИ ДОХОТКА ЗЕМАЉА ЕВРОПЕ РАЗЛИЧИТОГ НИВОА РАЗВИЈЕНОСТИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME190513043KKljučne reči:
конкурентност земље, Гини коефицијент, ЦЕФТА, ЕУ15Apstrakt
U radu je istraživana međuzavisnost fenomena konkurentnosti i nejednakosti u raspodeli dohotka zemalja evropskog kontinenta različitog nivoa ekonomske razvijenosti u periodu 2006-2013. Analizirane zemlje su podeljene u dve grupe: a) sadašnje (Albanija, Crna Gora, BIH, Makedonija, Moldavija i Srbija) i nekadašnje članice (Bugarska, Hrvatska, Mađarska, Poljska, Slovačka, Slovenija, Rumunija i Češka) Centralnoevropskog Sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini – CEFTA i b) zemlje EU15. Prva grupu predstavljaju manje konkurentne, a drugu visoko konkurentne evropske zemlje. Dostignuti nivo konkurentnosti je iskazivan veličinom Globalnog indeksa konkurentnosti (GCI) Svetskog ekonomskog foruma, dekomponovanog na dve skalarne vrednosti: a) tzv. konkurentnost zasnovanu na Osnovnim faktorima Efikasnosti (Basic & Efficiency factors competitiveness) i b) konkurentnost generisanu faktorima poslovne inovativnosti i sofisticiranosti (Innovation and sophistication factors competitiveness). Nejednakost u raspodeli dohotka je prezentovana veličinom Gini koeficijenta. U cilju dokazivanja postavljenih hipoteza da konkurentnije privrede imaju manje izraženu nejednakost u raspodeli dohotka konstruisan je model međuzavisnosti konkurentnosti privrede (reprezentovanom vrednostima GCI) i nejednakosti u raspodeli dohotka (kvantificirane vrednošću Gini koeficijenta). Rezultati višestruke linearne regresije pokazuju da je kod grupe CEFTA zemalja koeficijent uticaja Basic & Efficiency factors competitiveness oko -3.8, dok je kod grupe EU15 oko 2.4. Takođe, istraživanje je potvrdilo statistički značajni uticaj Innovation and sophistication factors competitiveness na smanjenje Gini koeficijenta kod obe grupe posmatranih zemalja; kod CEFTA grupe koeficijent uticaja je oko -8.4 a kod EU15 taj uticaj je nešto slabiji i iznosi -5.8.
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