КОНКУРЕНТСКE СТРАТЕГИЈE НА ПРЕМИJУМ АУТО-СЕГМЕНТУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME200528037MKljučne reči:
конкурентске стратегија, дисруптивне иновације, премијум сегмент ауто-тржишта, дигитализација, електрификацијаApstrakt
Рад на примеру BMW Group анализира прилагођавање конкурентских стратегија лидера на премијум сегменту, као одговор на радикалне промене у ауто-индустрији. Ауто-индустрија се суочава са дисруптивним иновацијама које прете да радикално промене конкурентску структуру гране. Традиционални извори конкурентске предности лидера нису више довољни да би се задовољиле промене у преференцијама потрошача на премијум сегменту ауто-тржишта. Овај рад указује на нове компетенције у области дигитализације и електрификације које премијум ауто-компаније морају да развију како би очувале конкурентску предност и опстале у условима хиперконкуренције. Рад такође детаљно образлаже неопходност развоја нових конкурентских стратегија на премијум сегменту ауто-тржишта како би се одговорило на технолошке неизвесности и оштру конкуренцију. Висока улагања у развој нових технологија, ефикасан, агилан и флексибилан производни систем, као и примена хибридних конкурентских стратегија доприносе снажним пословним перформансама на премијум сегменту ауто-тржишта. У раду је показано да су трансформација од традиционалног произвођача возила ка високотехнолошкој компанији и пружаоцу услуга мобилности кључни за стицање и очување конкурентске предности на премијум сегменту ауто-тржишта. Рад проширује постојећа теоријска знања пружајући детаљну анализу утицаја дисруптивних иновација на конкурентске стратегије лидера на премијум сегменту ауто-тржишта.
Reference
Alvaredo, F., Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E. & Zucman, G. (2017). The elephant curve of global inequality and growth, WID. World Working Paper, (2017/20), 42.
Audi. (2005-2019). Annual Reports.
Barroso, A., &Giarratana, M.S. (2013). Product proliferation strategies and firm performance: The moderating role of product space complexity. Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), 1435-1452. doi: 10.1002/smj.2079. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/af0f/c25a972615f1695b23930c744f8e10e5a29e.pdf
Bingxin, C. L. & Li, J.J. (2008). Achieving Superior Financial Performance in China: Differentiation, Cost Leadership, or Both?. Journal of International Marketing, 16(3), 1-22.
BMW Group. (2005 - 2019). Annual Reports.
BMW Group. (2019a). BMW Group increases deliveries, revenues and earnings. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/q3/PR_BMW_Group_Q3_2019_EN.pdf
BMW Group. (2019b). Investor Factbook. February. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/Investor_Presentation/BMW_Factbook_February_2019.pdf
BMW Group. (2020a). Investor presentation. January. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2020/Investor_Presentation/BMW_Investor_Presentation_2020.pdf
Chappell, L. (2019). As product mix shifts, loyalty dips, Automotive News. Retrieved from https://www.autonews.com/retail/product-mix-shifts-loyalty-dips
Christensen, M.C., Alton, R., Rising, C. & Waldeck, A. (2011). The Big Idea: The New M&A Playbook. Harvard Business Review, 89(3), 49 – 57.
Daimler. (2005-2018). Annual Reports.
Daimler. (2019). BMW and Daimler combine mobility services. Retrieved from https://www.daimler-mobility.com/en/company/news/joint-venture-closing/
de Man, A. P. & Luvison, D. (2019). Collaborative business models: Aligning and operationalizing alliances. Business Horizons, 62(4), 473-482.
Downes, L. & Nunes, P. (2013). Big bang disruption. Harvard business review, 91(3), 44-56.
Doz, Y, & Roover, B. (2019). Responding to Digital Disruption through Alliances. In F. Contractor & J. Reur (Eds.), Frontiers of Strategic Alliances Research: Negotiating, Structuring and Governing Partnerships (pp.101 -113). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
EV-volumes. (2020). Global BEV&PHEV Sales for 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ev-volumes.com/country/total-world-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/
Flatters, P. & Willmott, M. (2009). Understanding the Post – Recession Consumer. Harvard Business Review, 87(7), 106-112.
Fosfuri, A., Lanzolla, G. & Suarez, F.F. (2013). Entry timing strategies: The Road Ahead, Long Range Planning, 46 (4-5), 299 -311.
Gabrielsson, M., Seppala, T., & Gabrielsson, P. (2016). Realizing a hybrid competitive strategy and achieving superior financial performance while internationalizing in the high-technology market. Industrial Marketing Management, 54, 141-153.
Giachetti, C., & Torrisi, S. (2018). Following or running away from the market leader? The influences of environmental uncertainty and market leadership. European Management Review, 15(3), 445-463.
Gilligan, C., & Wilson, M. S. R. (2009). Strategic marketing planning. Routledge, Taylor&Francis Group, London, 2nd Edition, ISBN: 978-1-85617-617-0 (pbk), pp. 456-468
Hahn, R., Ostertag, F., Lehr, A. Buttgen, M. & Benoit, S. (2020). “I like it but I don’t use it”: Impact of carsharing business models on usage intentions in the sharing economy. Business strategy and Environment, 29(3), 1404-1418.
Hetzner, C., & Ciferri, L. (2015). Mercedes, BMW and Audi extend reach at the expense of mass-market brands – Luxury for everyone. Automotive News. Retrieved from http://www.autonews.com/article/20150914/RETAIL/309149948/mercedes-bmw-and-audi-extend-reach-at-the-expense-of-mass-market
Immelt, J. R., Govindarajan, V., & Trimble, C. (2009). How GE is disrupting itself. Harvard business review, 87(10), 56-65.
Interbrand. (2018). How brand investment is key to withstanding industry disruption: Q&A with BMW VP of Brand Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2018/ranking/bmw/brand-investment-qa-bmw/
Interbrand. (2019). Best Global Brands 2019 Rankings. Retrieved from https://www.interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2019/ranking/
J.D. Power. (2019a). Service Departments Lagging in Communication with Vehicle Owners, J.D. Power Finds. Retrieved from https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2019-customer-service-index-csi-study
J.D. Power. (2019b). 2019 U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study (VDS). Retrieved from https://www.jdpower.com/sites/default/files/2019024_u.s._vds.pdf
Khalek, M., Joseph, N., & Nguyen, L. (2014). Mass Customization at BMW. Retrieved from http://idea-space.eu:19001/up/fa23e59ded07adcfb1de0c1317c01a84.pdf
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2017). Marketing menadžment. Data Status, Beograd, Ekonomski fakultet Beograd
Kriz, A., Voola, R., & Yuksel, U. (2014). The dynamic capability of ambidexterity in hypercompetition: qualitative insights. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(4), 287-299.
Krueger, H. (2017). Interview with Harald Krueger, Chairman of the board of management of BMW AG. Retrieved from https://annual-report2017.bmwgroup.com/reports/bmwgroup/annual/2017/gb/English/1020/interview-with-harald-krueger.html
Krueger, P. (2019). Annual Accounts Press Conference. BMW Group, 20th March. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/gb/BMW_Group_AAPC_2019_Charts_Krueger_Dr_Peter_e.pdf
Lampon, F.J., Cabanelas, P., &Frigant, V. (2017). The new automobile modular platforms: from the product architecture to the manufacturing network approach. MPRA, Munich Personal RePec Archive, MPRA Paper No. 79160. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79160/1/MPRA_paper_79160.pdf
MacDuffie, J. P. & Fujimoto, T. (2010). Why Dinosaurs Will Keep Ruling the Auto Industry. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 23-25.
Maidl, J. (2018). BMW Group Production Network. BMW Group, Product, Technology and Business Update. Retrieved from https: //www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/technologie_workshops/BMW%20Group%20Product,%20Technology%20and%20Business%20Update%202018%2020181203%20-%20Production%20Network.pdf
Marković, D., Rakita, B. & Filipović, D. (2015).Strategic importance of Cross-border acquisitions for emerging market multinationals. In I. Vrdoljak Raguž, N. Podrug & L. Jelenc (Eds.), Neostrategic Management: An International Perspective on Trends and Challenges (pp. 189-201). New York: Springer.
McKinsey&Company. (2016). Automotive revolution – perspective towards 2030. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/Our%20Insights/Disruptive%20trends%20that%20will%20transform%20the%20auto%20industry/Auto%202030%20report%20Jan%202016.ashx
McKinsey&Company. (2019a). RACE 2050 – A vision for the European automotive industry. McKinsey Center for Future Mobility. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/a%20long%20term%20vision%20for%20the%20european%20automotive%20industry/race-2050-a-vision-for-the-european-automotive-industry.ashx
McKinsey&Company. (2019b). The new realities of premium mobility. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/Our%20Insights/The%20new%20realities%20of%20premium%20mobility/The-new-realities-of-premium-mobility-final.ashx
McKinsey&Company. (2019c). Mastering new mobiity. McKinsey Center for Future Mobility. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/Our%20Insights/How%20automakers%20can%20master%20new%20mobility/Mastering-new-mobility-Perspectives-on-navigating-an-uncertain-future.ashx
Milanović, B. (2016). Why the Global 1% and Asian Middle Class Have Gain the Most from Globalization. Harvard Business Review Digital Article, Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2016/05/why-the-global-1-andthe-asian-middle-class-have-ained-the-most-fromglobalization.
Mlađan, M. & Marković, D. (2019). Diagrams of Power and Strategic Decision Making: the Case of Strategic Alliances in the Automotive Industry. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 24(3), 21-32.
OICA. (2020). 2005-2019 Sales Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads/pc_sales_2019.pdf
O'Reilly 3rd, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2004). The ambidextrous organization. Harvard business review, 82(4), 74 -81.
Pacheco‐de‐Almeida, G. (2010). Erosion, time compression, and self‐displacement of leaders in hypercompetitive environments. Strategic Management Journal, 31(13), 1498-1526.
Pertusa - Ortega, E., Morina - Azorin, J. & Claver - Cortes, E. (2009). Competitive Strategies and Firm Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Pure, Hybrid and Stuck in the middle Strategies in Spanish Firms. British Journal of Management, 20(4), 508-523.
Peter, N. (2019a). Statement by Dr. Nicolas Peter. BMW Group, Quarterly Report Q2, August. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/q2/Statement_Dr_Peter_Q2_2019.pdf
Peter, N. (2019b). BMW Group Tech Workshop. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/tech-workshop20191120/191120_BMW_Group_TechWS_Charts_Dr_Peter_final.pdf
Porter, M. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 79-83.
Proff, H. (2000). Hybrid strategies as a strategic challenge—the case of the German automotive industry. Omega, 28(5), 541-553.
PWC. (2017). Five trends transforming the Automotive Industry. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/hu/hu/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/five_trends_transforming_the_automotive_industry.pdf
PWC. (2019). Automotive trends 2019: The auto industry must find a way to balance accelerating innovation and financial survival. Retrieved from https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry-trends/2019-automotive.html
Salavou, H. (2015). Competitive strategies and their shift to the future. European Business Review, 27(1), 80-99. doi: 10.1108/EBR-04-2013-0073. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272956842_Competitive_strategies_and_their_shift_to_the_future/link/57189c4a08aed43f6322170d/download
Suarez, F. F. And Lanzolla, G. (2007). The Role of Environmental Dynamics in Building a First Mover Advantage Theory. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 377 - 392.
Thornhill, S. & White, E.R. (2007). Strategic Purity: A Multi-Industry Evaluation of Pure vs. Hybrid Business Strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 28(5). 553-561.
Tushman, M. (2016). The Existential Question Facing the Auto Industry. Harvard Business Review Digital Article, Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2016/04/the-existential-question-facing-the-auto-industry
Vidal, E. & Mitchell, W. (2013). When do first entrants become first survivors?. Long Range Planning ,46 (4-5), 335 -347.
Vošta, M, &Kocourek, A. (2017). Competitiveness of the European Automobile Industry in the Global Context. Politics in Central Europe, 13(1), 69-86. doi: 10.1515/pce-2016-0023. Retrieved from https://content.sciendo.com/configurable/contentpage/journals$002fpce$002f13$002f1$002farticle-p69.xml
Wesseling, J.H., Niesten, E.M.M.I & Hekkert, M.P. (2015). Business strategies of incumbents in the market for electric vehicle: Opportunities and Incentives for Sustainable Innovations. Business Strategy and Environment, 24(6), 518-531.
Xu, J., &Liu, X. (2018). Technology Is Changing What a Premium Automotive Brand Looks Like. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/05/technology-is-changing-what-a-premium-automotive-brand-looks-like
Yadong, L., Sun, J., & Lu Wang, S. (2011). Emerging economy copycats: Capability, environment, and strategy. Academy of Management Perspective, 25(2), 37–56.
Zipse, O. (2019a). BMW Group Tech Workshop. Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/op20191120/191120_BMW_Group_TechWS_Charts_Zipse_final.pdf
Zipse, O. (2019b). Statement by Oliver Zipse. BMW Group Tech-Workshop: E-mobility & Battery cell Technology, Retrieved from https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2019/BMW_Group_TechWS_Press_Release_Statement_Zipse.pdf