ВИЗУЕЛНЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ КОД ДЕЦЕ СТАРОСТИ ОД ДЕВЕТ ДО ЈЕДАНАЕСТ ГОДИНА
Ključne reči:
визуелне способности, визуелна дискриминација, визуомоторичка координација, визуелно памћење, визуоконструктивне способностиApstrakt
Неоткривени проблеми у домену визуелних функција, који могу да буду важан чинилац усвајања академских вештина, значајно су учесталији у популацији деце код које постоји ризик за појаву тешкоћа у учењу. Циљ овог рада је да се утврде ниво развоја и развојна одступања у области визуелних способности код деце узраста од девет до једанаест година. Узорак је чинило петсто четрдесеторо деце типичног интелектуалног развоја, ученика III и IV разреда основне школе, оба пола (по 270, односно 50% девојчица и дечака), узраста 9,0–10,8 година (AS = 9,61; SD = 0,51). За процену визуелних способности примењена је група од четири суптеста који припадају Акадија тесту развојних способности: Визуомоторичка координација и могућност следа, Визуелна дискриминација, Цртање облика и Визуелно памћење. У обради добијених података коришћени су коефицијент линеарне корелације, χ2 тест, једносмерна (ANOVA) и мултиваријатна aнализа варијансе (MANOVA). Анализом резултата утврђено је да се средње вредности постигнућа већине испитаника на суптестовима за процену визуелних способности крећу у оквиру очекиваних према узрасту. Одступања од узрасних норми за више од једне SD најзаступљенија су на суптесту Цртање облика (21,6% испитаника) и Визуомоторичка координација и могућност следа (18% испитаника), док су на суптестовима Визуелно памћење (18% испитаника) и Визуелна дискриминација (4,6% испитаника) уочљиво мања. На полу засноване разлике утврђене су на суптестовима Визуомоторичка координација и могућност следа (p = 0,026) и Визуелна дискриминација (p = 0,009), али анализом одступања од узрасних норми нису потврђене.
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