АЛГОРИТАМ И ИЗВОРНИ КОД – ПРАВНИ ИЗАЗОВИ МЕЂУНАРОДНЕ ТРГОВИНЕ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME241120020PKljučne reči:
Вештачка интелигенција, алгоритам, принудно откривање изворног кода, споразуми о слободној трговиниApstrakt
Од момента када је кренула њена комерцијализација, вештачка интелигенција привлачи пажњу правника. Како системи вештачке интелигенције утичу на целокупно друштво и мењају начин функционисања скоро свих односа, појавила се потреба да се они правно регулишу. Иако су поједине земље и међународне организације већ учиниле искорак у том погледу, поједине компоненте вештачке интелигенције и даље су тешко уклопљиве у правни систем. Управо је алгоритам таква компонента. Алгоритми се појављују у различитим видовима и разликују се од система до система који их примењују. Та чињеница још више отежава њихово регулисање. Њихова примена данас је широко заступљена приликом доношења одлука, и као такви имају велики утицај на појединца и друштво у целини. Рад се бави питањем утицаја националних регулатива и мера из ове области на међународне трговинске токове.
Reference
Aaronson, S. A., & Leblond, P. (2018). Another digital divide: The rise of data realms and its implications for the WTO. Journal of International Economic Law, 21(2), 245-272. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy019
Agreement between the European Union and Japan for an Economic Partnership, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2018/1907/oj/eng, accessed: 22.10.2024.
Battaglini, M., & Rasmussen, S. (2019). Transparency, automated decision-making processes and personal profiling. Journal of Data Protection & Privacy, 2(4), 331-349.
Cambridge Dictionary.оrg, ’Algorithm’, available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/algorithm, accessed: 14.10.2024.
Chesterman, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence and the problem of autonomy. Notre Dame J. on Emerging Tech., 1, 210.
Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China, available at: https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-cybersecurity-law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-effective-june-1-2017/, accessed: 18.10.2024.
Delipetrev, B., Tsinaraki, C., & Kostic, U. (2020). Historical evolution of artificial intelligence. Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC). European Commission.
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data - EU Data Protection Directive 95/46 EC, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1995/46/oj, accessed: 30.10.2024.
Dorobantu, C., Ostmann, F., & Hitrova, C. (2021). Source code disclosure: A primer for trade negotiators. Dorobantu, C., Ostmann, F., & Hitrova, C.(2021). Source code disclosure: A primer for trade negotiators. In I. Borchert & LA Winters (Eds.), Addressing Impediments to Digital Trade, 105-140.
Ebers, M. (2019). Regulating AI and robotics: ethical and legal challenges. in: Martin Ebers/Susana Navas Navarro (eds.), Algorithms and Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019 (forthcoming).
European Commission, ‘White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European Approach to Excellence and Trust’ (European Commission 2020)., available at: https://commission.europa.eu/publications/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en, accessed: 14.10.2024.
Haddadin, S., & Knobbe, D. (2020). Robotics and artificial intelligence—the present and future visions. Algorithms and Law”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 20-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108347846.002
Hänold, S. (2018). Profiling and automated decision-making: Legal implications and shortcomings. Robotics, AI and the Future of Law, 123-153. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2874-9_6
Helm, J. M., Swiergosz, A. M., Haeberle, H. S., Karnuta, J. M., Schaffer, J. L., Krebs, V. E., ... & Ramkumar, P. N. (2020). Machine learning and artificial intelligence: definitions, applications, and future directions. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 13, 69-76. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09600-8
Igbinenikaro, E., & Adewusi, A. O. (2024). Navigating the legal complexities of artificial intelligence in global trade agreements. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(4), 488-505. DOI:10.51594/ijarss.v6i4.987
Khan, A. (2024). The Intersection Of Artificial Intelligence And International Trade Laws: Challenges And Opportunities. IIUMLJ, 32, 103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v32i1.912
Mahesh, B. (2020). Machine learning algorithms-a review. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR).[Internet], 9(1), 381-386. DOI:10.21275/ART20203995
Merriam-Webster.com, ‘Algorithm’, available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm, accessed: 14.10.2024.
Mitchell, A. D., & Mishra, N. (2017). Data at the docks: modernizing international trade law for the digital economy. Vand. J. Ent. & Tech. L., 20, 1073.
Nikaj, A., Maksymczuk, K., & Irion, K. (2024). Dark Matter or White Noise? Source Code Secrecy in Free Trade Agreements and its Discontents. Source Code Secrecy in Free Trade Agreements and its Discontents (May 27, 2024). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4843550
OECD (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Society. OECD Publishing.
Rajić Ćalić, J., & Tošić, I. (2023). Profilisanje i automatizovano donošenje odluka od osiguravajućeg društva u svetlu zaštite podatka o ličnosti (Profiling and automated decision-making by the insurance company in light of personal data protection). In book: Uporednopravni izazovi u savremenom pravu - In memoriam dr Stefan Andonović (pp.571-583) DOI:10.56461/ZR_23.SA.UPISP_JRCIT
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act), available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj, accessed: 14.10.2024.
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj, accessed: 20.10.2024
Sancho, D. 2020. Automated Decision-Making and Article 22 GDPR: Towards a more substantial regime for solely automatic decision-making. in: Ebers, M. and Navas, S. (ed.) Algorithms and Law Cambridge University Press. pp. 136-156 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108347846.005
Soprana, M. (2022). Governing Artificial Intelligence: The Role of International Trade Law. UNIVERSITA’ COMMERCIALE “LUIGI BOCCONI”
Spector, L. (2006). Evolution of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 170(18), 1251-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2006.10.009
The United States Mexico Canada Agreement, available at: https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement/agreement-between, accessed: 22.10.2024.
The United States–Japan Digital Trade Agreement, available at: https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/japan/Agreement_between_the_United_States_and_Japan_concerning_Digital_Trade.pdf, accessed: 22.10.2024.
Totschnig, W. (2020). Fully autonomous AI. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26(5), 2473-2485. DOI 10.1007/s11948-020-00243-z
Waldman, A. E. (2019). Power, process, and automated decision-making. Fordham L. Rev., 88, 613.
Zenil, H. (2017). Algorithmic data analytics, small data matters and correlation versus causation. Berechenbarkeit der Welt? Philosophie und Wissenschaft im Zeitalter von Big Data, 453-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12153-2_22
